![]() ![]() ![]() Length of subscription & Price of subscription, and price per unit if appropriate: Title of publication or service: Signature Digital DocumentsĢ. Documents are encrypted, which means it’s safer and more secure than paper.ġ. With a complete audit trail, you can see who signed when and where. See why hundreds of millions of users trust this app to collect signatures on agreements. With our updated sending experience, preparing a document for signature just got easier. Tag your document for signature from a select number of fields by simply dragging and dropping the tags. Stay in the loop even when not in the office. Receive real-time push notifications when a document has been signed. Stay on top of your workflows from anywhere. Simply upload the document, select yourself as the signer, and create your own signature.Ĭheck signing status, remind parties to sign and void agreements-all from your mobile device. ![]() Send the complete document to anyone however you want via email, or other doc services. In a bind? With a few taps collect legally binding signatures from anywhere. **iCloud HandOff requires both Bluetooth 4.Send documents from anywhere, on any device. *iCloud Drive Support for Windows requires iCloud Drive install, iCloud Drive for Mac requires OS X 10.10 or later iCloud is completely optional - PDF Signer Express works just as well offline as online! Read Support for Password-Protected PDFs Full Speech-To-Text Dictation support anywhere you can Type (Press Dictation key on keyboard on iOS, press “Fn” key twice on OS X) Add Images, Text, and Web Pages to a PDF instantly (iPad/Mac) Cut Tool Makes it easy to reposition PDF content Text Tool lets your Touch/Click to Type anywhere (iPad/Mac) Create blank PDFs super easily and add Text, Drawings, Images, Web Pages, and more iCloud Continuity/HandOff lets you start work on one device and continue on another (iPhone, iPad, and Mac)** iCloud support keeps your documents in Sync across iPhone, iPad, and Mac and with iCloud Drive, Windows PCs and well* Freehand draw on PDFs with “Vector" note taking tools such as Pencil, Eraser, and Highlighter keeping PDF file sizes small ![]() Innovative Features on both iOS and OS X: Draw using Palm Rest or Magnifier Window with "Smart Shift" technology Photorealistic page swipe animations (swipe the vertical edge of a PDF page horizontally to go to the previous or next page) Innovative Graphical File Manager with Natural Touch Gestures: Single Tap to Select a File, Double-Tap to Open a File, Two Finger "Pinch" to Zoom the File Manager, and Tap and Hold to Drag Files onto Folders With iCloud Drive, you can take Notes on the go and have your Notes ready at your Mac or Windows PC already downloaded when you get home* And If that wasn't enough, PDFs can be transferred instantly from one device to another with iCloud HandOff so you can start working on one device, and continue on another (iPhone, iPad, and Mac)** And best of all, PDF Signer Express is free for iOS and only $5.99 (U.S.) for OS X! PDF Signer Express is not only the most innovative PDF apps for Mobile and Desktop, yet also the easiest to use PDF creation and markup applications in the world. Featuring iCloud Drive* and iCloud Continuity/HandOff** Support so not only are all your PDFs synced to all your devices, but you can also transfer PDFs between devices instantly. PDF Signer Express features freehand drawing using a native PDF Format allowing you to use powerful note taking and annotating tools to markup PDFs instantly. PDF Signer Express is a flexible and powerful new iCloud PDF Note Taker, Signer, Form Filler, Drawing/Diagram app, and Annotator for iOS and OS X. ![]()
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![]() ![]() This software isn’t in the official store because it violates the terms and conditions set out by Alphabet for YouTube customers, and app developers aren’t allowed to distribute such an app there. How to Download Videoder for AndroidĪs it isn’t listed on Google Play, you’re probably wondering how to get it on your phone. We suggest utilising the trim option before downloading if at all possible. Even downloading large files using Videoder may be a challenge if your gadget is not up to the task. Converting on a PC is usually the better option for big files. Clips that are under one inch in length should be good. The conversion process may be cumbersome and draining on battery power. In most cases, mobile devices will struggle to cope with it. ![]() The power of your gadget will determine how effectively it handles it. The process of conversion consumes a significant amount of processing time. Save whole playlists and channels to your computer.Access the supported websites using the built-in web browser.MP3, MP4, AVI, MOV, 1080p, 720p, 480p, 4K, HD, and a variety of other formats are all supported. Adaptable to any display resolution or file type.An all-in-one method for finding information.You may download as much as you want as often as you want.Videoder is compatible with a wide range of popular file types, including 3GP, FLV, MOV, MP4 and WMV. You may also take out the audio and convert the video to a format that’s more suited to your device’s needs. Many sites may be searched with only one entry, and you can add sites that are not supported by default if you like. Most major online video providers, as well as social networking sites like Facebook, are supported by the software. Videoder also has the capability to simultaneously query several video providers. Copying and pasting URLs is unnecessary when you use the built-in search. Instead of using a search engine, why not simply go straight to YouTube? There are a few factors at play. ![]() ![]() ![]() It is a software application that has been approved and recommended by Microsoft and trusted by millions of users worldwide.ĭriver Updater, once installed, automatically detects the specifications of your computer. We suggest you use Auslogics Driver Updater. Such a tool will be able to read your computer and detect drivers that require attention. The best and easiest way to update your graphics drivers is with the use of an automatic tool. It is often better to go directly to the NVIDIA, AMD, or Intel website. The system might fail to find the most recent driver versions. Updating your drivers through Device Manager or Windows updates may not always yield the desired results. Method 3: Visit the Website of Your Device Manufacturer Restart your system to complete the process.If there are any updates, they will be downloaded and installed automatically. You will find the Windows Update option in the left pane of the next page that opens.You can also use the Windows + I keyboard combination. You can do this by going to the Start menu and clicking on the gear icon. Initiating Windows updates will automatically download and install the required drivers: Windows updates contain new driver versions. Method 2: Update Drivers via Windows Updates The system will search your PC storage and the internet for the latest drivers and then install them. Click on the ‘Search automatically for updated driver software’ option.Right-click on the device you want to update and click on Update Driver from the context menu. ![]() Click the arrow next to it to reveal your graphics devices. Look through the left pane of the Device Manager window and locate Display Adapters.Type “Devmgmt.msc” (no quotes) in the text area and click OK or press the Enter key on your keyboard.Press the Windows + R keys to invoke the Run dialog box.Method 1: Updating Your Graphics Driver via the Device Manager Follow these steps: Through the website of your device manufacturer.There are four methods you can use to update your drivers: New driver updates also contain patches to resolve bugs and ensure optimal performance, especially for gaming PCs. Either they are outdated or got missing or corrupt for some reason. So if you are seeing this issue now, it could be that there is something wrong with your graphics drivers. Without the correct drivers, your OS and apps cannot function as intended. Let us now go through the procedure for applying these fixes. Whatever game you tried to run when you encountered the ‘Unable to initialize graphics system,’ the following fixes are sure to resolve it: How to Resolve the ‘Could Not Initialize Graphics System’ Error on Windows 10: For computers that have hardware acceleration enabled, DirectDraw takes advantage of it to give direct access to video memory. It also makes it possible for applications to open on full screen or get embedded in a window. It renders graphics in applications that demand high performance. What exactly is DirectDraw? It is an old API that was once a part of Microsoft’s DirectX API. The error message suggested they check if their video card and driver are compatible with DirectDraw. Many Windows users said they encountered the problem when they tried to play Age of Empires. Ways to Get Rid ‘Could Not Initialize Graphics System’ Notification in Windows We’ll go through the solutions in detail. If that sounds good to you, proceed to the next section of our guide. That is why we have compiled a list of effective solutions to help you resolve the issue. ![]() What does the ‘Could not initialize graphics system’ error mean? Does it keep showing up when you try to run a game? We understand how discouraging that can get. ![]() ![]() When she isn't working, she can be found renovating her 100-year-old country house in upstate New York with her husband, two Russian Blue cats, and a Husky. She also works as an editor at CBS Interactive. She joined Pocket-lint in 2013 and currently serves as a US-based contributing writer, focusing on tech news and features. During this time, she also contributed to other news websites, such as the BBC, and she graduated with a Master of Fine Arts degree in writing from The New School in Manhattan. She worked at both 9to5Mac and 9to5Google as a copy editor at first and then as a reporter. She graduated from The University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2011 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in multimedia journalism, and shortly after that, she moved to New York City and stumbled into tech journalism. Select your GIF, maybe trim it, and tap Save.Ģ013 - 2018: Elyse began her career in journalism in 2006 as a reporter at several regional New York State newspapers and magazines, including the Press-Republican, North Country Scene, and Malone Telegram, where she covered a range of beats, from local politics to business. This will open your camera roll and your list of videos. The GIF will then appear as a pending message. On the confirmation screen, just press Send. You can select any of the GIF images on the home, recent, reactions and explore tab. ![]() To turn a static profile picture into a GIF, click Edit in the bottom right corner of your existing profile picture and tap Select Profile Video. On the GIPHY screen, you may use the search bar to search for a GIF that you like. You can even set the GIF as your profile picture. After you're done customising the GIF, you can then save the final creation to your phone's camera roll, upload it to your Facebook Story, send in a message, or post it to your profile. Once you record a three-second GIF, you will see additional editing tools, including frames, emoji, text, and effects. You'll want to select the GIF option at the top of the camera screen to record your GIF. Normal lets you take photos and record normal videos, while GIF lets you record a three-second clip. Either way, you will see these tabs at the top of the next screen: Normal and GIF. Or, open the Facebook app and swipe from left on the news feed. Then, after you’ve found your GIF of choice, click the Facebook button on the GIF page (make sure you’re signed into your Facebook account). Notably, The Verge points out that Facebook’s new GIF creations are primarily for use within Facebook’s own platform, as they are only available to share on users’ Facebook pages-or in Facebook’s Stories feature for sharing feeds of photos and videos-and they can only be saved as videos.To make your own GIF, open the Facebook app and tap on the camera button at the top. There are several ways to share GIFs from Giphy on Facebook, even without the GIF button. That new feature from Snapchat was the rare example of parent Snap Inc.’s ephemeral messaging service rolling out a copy-cat of something already available from either Instagram or Facebook, rather than the other way around.Įither way, now Facebook has joined the build-your-own GIF party, but its new feature does have limits. Earlier this year, rival Snapchat introduced its own Loop feature for creating looping videos up to 10 seconds long. Get Data Sheet, Fortune ‘s technology newsletter.įacebook-owned Instagram already has the two-year-old Boomerang feature, which allows users to create short, looping videos. You can also swipe left to access more filters or add text and effects. The new function follows last month‘s full rollout of a GIF comment button on Facebook that allows users to search an online library of existing GIFs and post them directly in Facebook’s comments sections. Tap on the Sticker icon at the top, then choose GIF to add any GIF to your video. The GIF function will also offer access to Facebook’s wide range of effects (such as augmented reality masks and animations) and filters that were already available in the normal camera function. ![]() Users can access the feature in the app’s camera mode, where they have the choice between a “normal” or “GIF” tab at the top of the screen. The website The Next Web was the first to spot the app update on Friday, noting that the function lets you create short, looping GIFs that last just a few seconds. Facebook is testing a built-in GIF creator in its iOS app with some users. ![]() ![]() ![]() I suspect we’ll see many more e-readers make their way to Chrome OS as more tablets hit the market.Is your e-book collection is a disorganised mess of different formats and competing viewers? It doesn't have to be that way. For someone who has a lot of digital books, Calibre looks like the perfect all-in-one manager and it seems to work perfectly on Chrome OS thanks to Linux apps. Now, when you click “Add Books” in Calibre, all of your compatible e-book, doc and text files will be at your fingertips for importing. Next, open Google Drive on your Chromebook that has Calibre installed and start dragging your e-books into the Calibre Library folder. If you have your e-books on another device, I would move them to Google Drive first. When Calibre was installed, it created a Library folder inside the Linux folder of your device. So, what can you do with Calibre? Well, when you launch the app, you will be prompted to choose your go-to e-book device and then, you can import your e-book library. Once it is finished, a black window will open that contains a line with That is the Linux terminal where we will input the commands to install Calibre and any other applications you choose. Click Linux and then select “turn on.” In the pop-up window, select “install” and wait for the Linux container to be created. Below the Apps tab, you will see a little penguin (His name is Tux, BTW) with the words Linux (Beta) beside him. Head back to the settings and look at the menu on the left. If your Chromebook supports Linux apps, you should see the option in the same settings menu where you updated your device. If you are up to date, we can move on to the next step. ![]() If not, wait for the update to download and you will be prompted to restart and complete the update. Click “check for updates” to see if you’re up to date. Click the gear icon and select “About Chrome OS” at the bottom of the left-hand menu. To update, head to the settings menu in the bottom right system tray. You will need to make sure that your Chromebook is up to date and that it supports Linux applications. I took a few minutes to figure out what was missing from the equation and now, we know exactly how to install the program on Chrome OS. ![]() One user was looking to install the e-book manager but was running into some unexpected errors. I first encountered Calibre on the Facebook Chromebook group that we highlighted last week. The open-source e-book management software is completely free and lucky for Chromebook users, there is a Linux version. For many, Calibre is the one-stop-shop for managing an extensive, multi-platform catalog. I’m more into old fashioned analog reading myself but I am fully aware that millions of people take to their Kindles, Nooks, iPads and mobile devices to digest daily content and that’s totally fine.Ĭhrome OS has some web-based options for reading e-books and even more options if you look to the Google Play Store but what if you already have a library of publications. With the smaller, tablet-first devices coming, many users may want to use their Chromebook tablets as their primary reader. Chrome OS tablets are still finding their place in the consumer market but the pending release of the Duet Chromebook from Lenovo could open the floodgates for the form-factor. ![]() ![]() Since the userData deals with "opaque pointers" (Box2d does not know what those are nor what they're for, only you do), and the example uses raw pointers, Box2d will not clean the memory associated to those once the Box2d objects are destroyed, you need to take care of cleaning those.Ī way to do it is to wrap those into smart pointers. The user data is an object that you control and you need hold alive for the whole life of the box2d object. ![]() This part of the official documentation illustrates how this should be done now, however it lacks an important information, IMHO. So it may explain why you see tutorials around that "do no work" with a more recent version of Box2d. They went from storing void pointers to storing an actual object. It seems that box2d recently changed the way they manage userData. When I did something like this, the program is crashing: struct B2_API b2FixtureUserData Next to the structure definition, it is written "You can define this to inject whatever data you want in b2Fixture". ![]() Previously, it was possible, as I understood, to create a body and write: tUserData = smth īut this is not possible because the method returns a structure: b2BodyUserData& b2Body::GetUserData() Void* fixtureUserData = contact->GetFixtureA()->GetUserData() įixturesUnderfoot.erase(contact->GetFixtureB()) //A is foot so B is groundįixturesUnderfoot.erase(contact->GetFixtureA()) //B is foot so A is ground Std::string fixtureUserData = contact->GetFixtureA()->getmy() įixturesUnderfoot.insert(contact->GetFixtureB()) //A is foot so B is groundįixtureUserData = contact->GetFixtureB()->GetUserData() įixturesUnderfoot.insert(contact->GetFixtureA()) //B is foot so A is ground This is what I want to do: class M圜ontactListener : public b2ContactListener But I don't understand how to do this correctly, because just adding a line to the structure of the program crashes. I found out that it is possible to edit the b2FixtureDef structure to add my new data there. After digging through the Box2d files for three days, I realized that I could not cope alone. Now there is no such function and userData should be set in a different way. But with the source of Box2d I have, I don't see the SetUserData functions in the code as I see them in the guides.Īfter understanding it, I realized that these manuals were outdated, and You will learn how to quickly create game prototypes in Gideros, how to test and set up projects to automatically target devices with different resolutions, and how to polish your prototype with animations, sounds, tweens, and even physics to create your very first cross-platform game.īy the end of this book, you will have learned everything you need to create visually stunning physics and exciting cross-platform games using Gideros.Many guides used userData. This book teaches you everything you need to know about Gideros, from installing Gideros on your operating system to creating and efficiently managing your Gideros projects and creating your very first game, all with the help of well explained examples. Gideros Mobile Game Development shows you how to develop an original and exciting game in Gideros, helping you create your very first project and guiding you through the configuration of settings and assets to help you target devices with different resolutions. Gideros also comes with a built-in box2D physics engine and extended memory management features to make mobile game development a breeze. Gideros is a Lua-based framework that facilitates effortless native iOS and Android application development along with hardware acceleration. Have you ever had an interesting idea for a mobile game? Have you ever wanted to jump on the mobile app bandwagon? Developing a mobile game has never been so fun and easy, and with the vast amount of smartphone users, it may also become a profitable thing to do. Full of code examples and descriptions to help you master the basics of mobile game development.Build your very first game following practical and easy to understand instructions.Develop engaging iOS and Android mobile games quickly and efficiently.All that’s required is a little familiarity with Lua. This book shows you how with a real-life project you undertake yourself. ![]() ![]() With Gideros you can develop games for both iOS and Android faster and more simply. ![]() ![]() ![]() If there are few cards remaining in a hand and nothing left to be played, then it is more than likely a player will win. Getting rid of cards is the way to win the game. When it is a player’s turn, the goal is to go on a run or a sequence. A win is when a player crosses the 100 point threshold. This game is quite simple from a scoring perspective, so understanding how to make different plays is critical to getting those gin rummy wins. The lower the number of the remaining cards, the easier it is to be the winner. The goal of the game is to get most of the cards into what are called sets and runs doing so results in maximum points, and the goal is to have the point value of the remaining cards be low. This is why the game is fun – there is not too much pressure and the two-person dynamic add to the enjoyment.Īt the beginning of the game, each player is dealt ten cards. Yes, there are games that are played with three to four players, and those games do have rule adaptations, but the gin rummy being talked about for the purposes of this strategy guide is a two-player game. The first thing to know about gin rummy is that the game is played by two players. The first step to playing gin rummy is to learn the different rules of the game. As you play more games, you will acquire more skill and in turn the game will become more enjoyable. This guide will take you through the terminology of gin rummy, along with the different strategies for success. The bottom line is gin rummy is a perfect way to play a fun game with friends. Furthermore, there are plenty of scenes in movies where gin rummy is played, along with organized games in various places. The game has been played for ages and has roots in the Old World. This game is the perfect change of pace and allows people to bond over a shared game and enjoy friendly competition. Playing gin rummy is the perfect pastime for folks who are looking to spend an afternoon with a friend or relative without having much craziness. Many players find the game is easy to learn, the scoring is simple, and winning the game does not take much work unlike games of solitaire, gin rummy is a solvable game, which is why it has been a favorite for generations. For folks who like simple card games that they can play with their friends and neighbors, gin rummy more than fits the bill. This game has a very long history and is very easy to play. Gin rummy is one of the world’s most popular card games – and for good reason. ![]() ![]() ![]() Therefore, installing and playing the same games through any of the reward apps on this list is pointless. IMPORTANT 1: It’s important to note that you can only earn credits for games you have never played. Likely to pay: Realistic payouts and most users seem to get paid with no issues.Hit-and-miss: There are many positive and negative feedback regarding payment.Unlikely to pay: Unrealistic payouts, lots of complaints on Google Play/App Store. ![]() So, we will classify each app into three categories: Not only that, but I will also reveal the likelihood of receiving payments based on my experience and hundreds of user reviews on Google Play. Earn virtual tokens and cash in the game.Get paid to install games and hit goals.In this post, you will find a complete list of the most popular game apps separated into three categories: The reason is that most of them were designed to maximize profits off of people’s gullibility. ![]() In the past few years, I have encountered an incredible number of apps that cause extreme anger and frustration. Here at My Room is My Office, I have reviewed hundreds of such mobile applications with the mission to warn users about their safety and legitimacy. It’s a very profitable business for app developers as the possibility of earning money while having fun attracts millions of ad viewers worldwide. Both Google Play and the App Store are jam-packed with mobile apps that offer cash rewards for playing games. ![]() ![]() ![]() Note: This cheat tool is for the original version v1.0 of the game Metro Exodus. Download Metro Exodus: Developer Console NoClip If you are aware of my save, it has everything unlocked for the beginning of the campaign. Trainer for the game Metro Exodus, you can use it to activate these essential Cheat Codes: Infinite Health, Infinite Ammo, No Reload, One Hit Kill, Infinite Medikits, Infinite Throwables. Enable the script and use F1 to toggle the console. Du kannst in diesem Spiel cheaten und mehr mit der WeMod App 179.716 WeMod Mitglieder spielen dieses Spiel. ![]() Inspired by the novels of Dmitry Glukhovsky, Metro Exodus continues Artyom’s story in the greatest Metro adventure yet. Unser Metro Exodus Trainer hat over 14 Cheats und untersttzt Steam, Epic Games, und Xbox. Name of the file: Metro Exodus v1.0.1.4 (Epic/Steam) Trainer - Author: CHA. If you have any doubt check this page before: VIRUS ALERT If you have any trouble with the website or a file please read first the HELP PAGE. games on Stadia: Doom Eternal, Doom 2016, Serious Sam 1, 2, 3, and 4, Metro 2033, Metro Exodus, Metro Last Light. Explore the Russian wilderness across vast, non-linear levels and follow a thrilling story-line that spans an entire year through spring, summer and autumn to the depths of nuclear winter. Your anti-virus software may detect them as malware (viruses, worms, trojans, bots etc.). Metro Exodus is an epic, story-driven first person shooter from 4A Games that blends deadly combat and stealth with exploration and survival horror in one of the most immersive game worlds ever created. But now, as Artyom, you must flee the Metro and lead a band of Spartan Rangers on an incredible, continent-spanning journey across post-apocalyptic Russia in search of a new life in the East. They have struggled against the poisoned elements, fought mutated beasts and paranormal horrors, and suffered the flames of civil war. A quarter-century after nuclear war devastated the earth, a few thousand survivors still cling to existence beneath the ruins of Moscow, in the tunnels of the Metro. It will be set over the course of one whole in-game year. It also includes a dynamic weather system, a day-night cycle, and environments that change along with the seasons as the story progresses. The game features a mixture of linear levels and sandbox environments. ![]() The player wields an arsenal of hand-made weaponry which can be customized through scavenging materials and a crafting system. Set in the post-apocalyptic wasteland of the former Russian Federation, the player must cope with the new hazards and engage in combat against mutated creatures as well as hostile humans. Metro Exodus is a first-person shooter game with survival horror and stealth elements. It follows the events of Metro 2033 and Metro: Last Light. Metro Exodus v1.0.0.7 ( 20 Trainer) FutureX Image gallery (4) Add an image Contribute trainers Rate 1 2 3 4 5 Total votes: 44 J4:03am PC Metro Exodus v1.0.0. It is the third installment in the Metro video game series based on Dmitry Glukhovsky’s novels. If you don’t know how to configure your Firewall – you may simply unplug your Internet connection for the game session.Metro Exodus is a first-person shooter video game developed by 4A Games and published by Deep Silver. Repeat the same operation with “C:\Users\\Saved Games\metro exodus\76561197960267366\user.cfg”Īlternatively you can BLOCK MetroExodus.exe in your Firewall (check this link for how to do it) and then switch the language either by running included BAT-files or with manual editing of “C:\Users\Public\Documents\Steam\CODEX\412020\remote\user.cfg”. Open C:\Users\Public\Documents\Steam\CODEX\412020\remote\user.cfg in any text editor and edit lang_sound and lang_text params (lang_sound us ![]() ![]() The raster approach involves sampling attributes for a set of cells having a fixed size. Many of the features shown on paper maps, including transportation routes, rivers, and political boundaries, can be represented effectively in digital form using the vector data model. The vector strategy is well suited to mapping entities with well-defined edges, such as highways or pipelines or property parcels. The vector data model is consistent with how surveyors measure locations at intervals as they traverse a property boundary. In this case, two polygons (filled with blue) represent the reservoir. A series of line segments that begin and end at the same node form polygon features. In this case, the line feature colored red represents the highway. Line segments connect nodes to form line features. The small squares are nodes: point locations specified by latitude and longitude coordinates. The graphic above right illustrates how the entities might be represented with vector data. The aerial photograph above left shows two entities, a reservoir and a highway. Requires the QuickTime plugin, which is available free at the Apple Quicktime download site. ![]() View the same animation in QuickTime format (vector.mov, 1.6 Mb) here. When the points are connected by lines or arcs, the sampled points form line features and polygon features that approximate the shapes of their real-world counterparts.Ĭlick the graphic above to download and view the animation file (vector.avi, 1.6 Mb) in a separate Microsoft Media Player window. The vector approach involves sampling either specific point locations, point intervals along the length of linear entities (like roads), or points surrounding the perimeter of areal entities (like water bodies such as lakes or oceans). Vector and raster data are, in essence, two distinct sampling strategies: vector and raster. And just as serious opinion polls are based on sound principles of statistical sampling, so, too, do geographic data represent reality by measuring carefully chosen samples of locations. In much the same way that public opinion is measured through polls, geographic data are constructed by measuring representative samples of locations. The Earth is too big, and the number of unique locations is mathematically infinite. No geographic data set represents every possible location, of course. Digital geographic data are encoded as alphanumeric symbols that represent locations and attributes of locations measured at or near Earth's surface. Recall that data consist of symbols that represent measurements. The two predominant data representation strategies are known as " vector" and " raster." Several different approaches to representing locations and extents in digital form were developed. One of the first challenges they faced was to convert the graphical data stored on paper maps into digital data that could be stored in, and processed by, digital computers. ![]() Innovators in many fields, including engineers, computer scientists, geographers, and others, started developing digital mapping systems in the 1950s and 60s. ![]() |